Contrastive Conjunction and Modal Perfect

Contrastive Conjunction and Modal Perfect

Modals in the past form are used in the past time.They are could, would, should, and might. Formula of modals is:
Modals + verb 1 + O/C.
Can be used in every tenses.
a.    Could is the past tense of can
The modal auxiliary could is used.
To express an ability in the past:
 -  I could always beat you at tennis when we were kids.
To express past or future permission:
  - Could i bury my cat in your back yard?

Persuading and Encouraging, Preventing Someone From Doing Something

Expressions of persuading :

Are you really sure you can’t/couldn’t...?
Don’t be so silly!
I really think it would be a pity if we didn’t...

Are you quite sure you won’t consider...?

Passive Sentences

Passive voice verbs are used in writing much more often than in speech, and they are used in some types of writing much more often than in others. Passives are used more in journalism (newspapers, magazines) than in fiction (novels, stories), but most journalists and fiction writers use far more active than passive sentences. However, passives are very common in all types of scientific and technical writing. Scientific articles often contain more passive than active sentences. You should not use passive voice verbs unless you have a good reason.

Direct speech and Indirect speech

Direct speech refers to reproducing another person’s exact words or saying exactly what someone has said (sometimes called quoted speech)
Here what a person says appears within quotation marks ("...") and should be word for word.

For example:
She said, "Today's lesson is on presentations."
or
"Today's lesson is on presentations," she said.

Narrative Text

 

Narrative text adalah teks yang berisi sebuah cerita baik tertulis ataupun tidak tertulis dan terdapat rangkaian peristiwa yang saling terhubung.

Generic Structure dari Narrative Text
•    Orientation : It is about the opening paragraph where the characters of the story are introduced.(berisi pengenalan tokoh, tempat dan waktu terjadinya cerita (siapa atau apa, kapan dan dimana)

Making Suggestion and Requesting Something

Making Suggestion and Requesting Something

Making Suggestion is how you express your suggestion to someone
WHAT ABOUT/HOW ABOUT ... + Base form + -ING
Example :
•    What about going to the swimming pool tomorrow?
•    How about going to the swimming pool tomorrow?

Complaning and Giving Instruction

Complaning and Giving Instruction

 

A complaint is complaints are expressions of "displeasure or annoyance" in response to an action that  is seen by the speaker as unfavorable.
Making a complaint
I do wish you could….
Excuse me, I’m afraid…

Asking about Possibilities, Expressing Curiosity and Desire, Expressing Views.

Asking about Possibilities, Expressing Curiosity and Desire, Expressing Views.

Asking about Possibilities 

•    Would it be possible for (somebody) to …?
•    Do you think it’s possible that ... ?
•    What possibility is there that ... ?
•    Is there any possibility that ... ?
•    What's the possibility of ... ?
•    What are the chances of ...?
•    Do you think you can…?
•    Is it possible that ... ?
•    Is it possible to ... ?
•    Are you capable of…?

Blaming and Accusing Someone

Blaming and Accusing Someone 

BLAMING

     Blaming : When someone said that person did a mistake that should be her/his responsibility, like  choosing wrong way. Blaming is an expression that is used to say on somebody the responsibility for something done (badly or wrongly) or not done: He blamed his teacher for his failure. Blaming is finding fault: if you don’t do the work well, you will incur.

ADMITTING MISTAKES & MAKING PROMISES

ADMITTING MISTAKES & MAKING PROMISES

  ADMITTING MISTAKES

  Admitting Mistake is the way you to admit and ask for a sorry of your mistake.

 

  Benefits of Admitting  Mistakes:

• It demonstrates your courage
• It demonstrates your humanity
• It engenders more trusting relationships
• It creates greater organisational value

CONDITIONAL SENTENCES

CONDITIONAL SENTENCES

 

o    "If you had left earlier, you would have caught the train." or
o    "You will make yourself ill if you eat all those chocolates."

They are called conditional sentences. A conditional sentence consists of two clauses; the if-clause, and the main clause. The if-clause can come first or second. When it comes first, we usually put a comma between the two clauses.

Explanation Text

Explanation Text 

Tujuan komunikatif dari Explanation text adalah untuk menerangkan proses-proses yang terjadi dalam pembentukan atau kegiatan yang terkait dengan fenomena-fenomena alam, sosial, ilmu pengetahuan, budaya, dan lainnya yang bertujuan menjelaskan.

BUSINESS LETTER

BUSINESS LETTER

The block format is the simplest format; all of the writing is flush against the left margin.

Your Address 1
The return address of the sender so the recipient can easily find out where to send a reply to.
•    British English
Position    : In the top right corner of the letter.
•    American English
Position    : In the top left corner, below the date, or at the end of the letter (below the signature)

Discusssion Text

Discusssion Text

Discussion text bermakna sebuah teks baik terucap atau tertulis yang memberikan informasi, ide, pendapat, tentang suatu hal.


Generic Structure of Discusssion Text
Secara sederhana, susunan umum dalam discussion text ini terbagi menjadi 3 bagian.
1.   Issue (masalah)
2.   Arguments (Pendapat)
      a. Supporting Points (Pendapat Yang Mendukung)
      b. Contrasting Points (Pendapat Yang Bertentangan)
3.   Conclusion / Recommendation (Kesimpulan / Saran)